| Shape | Use | |-------|-----| | W-shape (wide flange) | Beams, columns | | C-channel | Bracing, purlins | | Angle (L) | Bracing, connections | | Hollow structural section (HSS) | Columns, trusses, torsion | | Plate | Base plates, gussets, built-up members |

Choose steel grades that balance strength and ductility. In many regions,

Steel structure design has evolved from the traditional to the more modern Limit State Method . The "Simplified Design" series gained prominence because it breaks down complex code provisions into solvable numerical problems.