As a document published over two decades ago, some tactics, techniques, and procedures may have been superseded by newer doctrine or advances in technology. However, the foundational principles of urban warfare remain relevant, and this manual can still serve as a valuable resource for understanding the principles of advanced urban combat.

The tactics in FM 31-28 were state-of-the-art for 1999, but two decades of continuous war in Iraq and Afghanistan drastically changed how the U.S. Army approaches urban combat.

FM 31-28, dated 1 December 1999, constitutes the foundational doctrinal manual for the U.S. Army Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat (SFAUC) course, focusing on specialized tactics, techniques, and procedures for high-intensity urban environments. The FOUO-designated manual covers advanced marksmanship, CQB, live-fire shoothouse drills, and technical breaching methods to train Green Berets in complex, built-up areas. More information can be found at specialforcestraining.info SFAUC Course - DVIDS

, dated 1 December 1999, is a critical historical and technical manual designed to provide Special Forces

Both mechanical and explosive entry methods to overcome obstacles and reduce obstacles. Urban Movement:

FM 31-28, dated 1 December 1999, is a legacy Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat (SFAUC) manual formerly marked FOUO that established foundational tactics for urban operations. The document detailed techniques in close quarters battle, breaching, and advanced marksmanship. For an overview of the SFAUC course, visit Special Forces Training . SF Advanced Urban Combat (SFAUC) - Special Forces Training