[ W = \dotm \cdot (U_1 V_\theta1 - U_2 V_\theta2) ]

Turbines are a crucial component in various industrial applications, including power generation, aerospace, and chemical processing. Axial and radial turbines are two primary types of turbines used in these applications. A thorough understanding of these turbines is essential for designing and optimizing their performance. Hany Moustapha's 2021 publication provides an in-depth review of axial and radial turbines, which is the focus of this review.