Understanding crystallization mechanisms and crystal imperfections. Studying binary phase diagrams and the Lever Rule.
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No interview or exam passes where this is not relevant. The PDF usually has a pull-out page dedicated to this diagram. Trace it, memorize the critical temperatures (723°C, 1147°C), and the carbon percentages (0.8% for eutectoid, 4.3% for eutectic). particularly those specializing in Mechanical