Usually, the error appears when copying a folder of JPGs, not a single file. If the total data exceeds 4GB? No, that is not the issue. FAT32 has a volume limit of 2TB, but it allows unlimited files. The issue arises if a single file within that folder is over 4GB. Since JPGs are small, the real culprit is usually a hidden video file (MP4) or a large zip file accidentally placed in the JPG folder.
If you saw "JPG to FAT32" in a tutorial, it was likely a typo or a misunderstanding of these terms: JPG/PNG/GIF: FAT32/exFAT/NTFS: File Systems (the "map" of a hard drive). MP4/MKV/AVI: Summary Table jpg to fat32 converter
Converting a JPG to FAT32 isn't actually possible because they are two different things: a is a file format for images, while Usually, the error appears when copying a folder